EUCMH » President Roosevelt

Dec

2009

US Strategic Bombing Surveys Pacific (5)

Posted by Snafu | Comments : 15494(0)2009-12-05+14%3A22%3A31Snafu

Category : Army Air Forces, Strategic Bombing

Tags: 1st Flying Brigade, 1st Marines Division, 3rd Flying Division, 5th Flying Division, Admiral Ghormley, Admiral Yamamoto, Aleutians, Attu, Australia, B-17, B-29, BC-1000 TRX, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Bougainville, Buna, Burma, Cape Sansapor, Caroline Islands, Celebes, Central Pacific, Chairman, China, December 7, Doolittle Raid, Dr. Louis R. Thompson, Dutch East Indies, Espiritu Santo, Fiji Islands, Finschafen, Formosa, Fourteenth Air Force, Frank A. McNamee, Franklin D'Olier, Fred Searls, Gen Douglas MacArthur, Gen Miyazaki, Germany, Gilbert Islands, Great-Britain, Guadalcanal, Guam, Gulf of Mexico, Harry L. Bowman, Hawaii, Henderson Field, Henry C. Alexander, Hiroshima, HMS Repulse, Hollandia, HSM Prince of Wales, India, Iwo Jima, J. Kenneth Galbraith, Japan, Japanese Fleet, Java, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Jr, June, Kamikaze, Korea, Kuriles, Kyushu, Lae, LCI, LST, Luzon, Malaya, Manchuria, Marianas, Marilinan, Marshall Islands., Midway, Milne Bay, Monroe E. Spaght, Morotai, Munda, Nadzab, Nagasaki, Nagoya, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Okinawa, Osaka, Owen Stanley Range, P-40, Pacific, Palaus, Paul H. Nitze, Pearl Harbor, Peleliu Island, Philippines, Philippines Sea, Port Moresby, President Roosevelt, President Truman, Rabaul, Rensis Likert, Royal Air Force, Royal Australian Air Forces, Royal Netherlands East Indies Air Forces, Saipan, Salamaua, Samoa, San Bernardino Straits, Secretary of War, Shoho Carrier, Solomons, Soviet Union, Sumatra, Surigao, Surigao Straits, Theodore P. Wright, Tinian, Tokyo, Truk, US Strategic Bombing Surveys, USMC, USS Lexington, USS Yorktown, USS-Hornet, Wake, Walter Wilds

USAAF

United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Summary Report, Pacific

WASHINGTON DC 1 JULY 1946
FOREWORD
The United States Strategic Bombing Survey was established by the Secretary of War on 3 November 1944, pursuant to a directive from the late President Roosevelt. It was established for the purpose of conducting an impartial and expert study of the effects of our aerial attack on Germany, to be used in connection with air attacks on Japan and to establish a basis for evaluating air power as an instrument of military strategy, for planning the future development of the United States armed forces, and for determining future economic policies with respect to the national defense.
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Nov

2009

Kay Summersby – Ike Was my Boss (12)

Posted by Vicky | Comments : 12821(0)2009-11-30+11%3A19%3A24Vicky

Category : Archive Stories, Kay Summersby

Tags: AFHQ, Air Chief Marshal Leigh-Mallory, Anvil, Arnold, Bangor, Beaches, Bradley, Buzz Bomb, C-47, Capt Larry Hansen, Cherbourg, Chief of Staff, Combined Chiefs of Staff, D-Day, Deputy Theater Commander, Empire State Building, Florida, Fort Benning, Gen "Jumbo" Wilson, Gen de Gaulle, General John G. H. Lee, H-Hour, Hungary, Iceland, Invasion, King, King George VI, Leningrad, London, Lt John S. D. Eisenhower, Manhattan, Marshall, Mattie Pinette, Mediterranean Forces, Montgomery, Nazi Europe, New York State, Normandy, North Atlantic, North-Africa, Portsmouth, Potomac, President Roosevelt, Prestwick, Prime Minister, Ramsay, Sgt Farr, SHAEF, Southern France, Southwick CP, Stalin, Supreme Commander, Telegraph Cottage, Tex Lee, Trieste, Virginia, War Room, Washington, West Point, Winston Churchill

The rest of that day is history. Personally, I spent it praying for the invaders … and, like the rest of his official family, aching with sympathy for our apprehensive Boss.
Gen Eisenhower stood the appalling strain for another day. Then, in the early morning of June 7 it was 0720-H, just twenty-six hours after H-Hour he left for Normandy’s beaches. I fled to the lonely comfort of our trailer-headquarters. Working on the General’s “fan mail” never seemed so difficult, so unimportant; but it helped smother worries.
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Oct

2009

Kay Summersby – Ike Was my Boss (11)

Posted by Vicky | Comments : 9959(0)2009-10-29+16%3A47%3A53Vicky

Category : Archive Stories, Kay Summersby

Tags: 101st Airborne Division, Addison Road Station, Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory, Air Ministry, Algiers, American Red Cross, Anthony Eden, Anvil, Anzio, Army Group's Bryanston, Associated Press, Aussies, B-17, B-29, Belgians, Berkeley Square, Bovington, Bovington Airport, Britain's West Point, British Military Assistant, British War Cabinet, Bryanston Square, Cairo, Canadians, Capri, Chesterfield Hill, Churchill, Col Ivan Cobbald, Court Calendar, Czechs, Darmouth, Dominion Prime Ministers, Duke of Norfolk, Dutch, Edgeware Road, Edward Stettinius, England, European Theater Ribbon, Field Marshal Jan Christiaan Smuts, Free French, Gen Charles Corlett, Gen Charles de Gaulle, Gen Maxwell Taylor, Grosvenor Square, Hackbridge Kennels, Hampton Court, Harvey Gibson, Hays Lodge, House of Lords, Hyde Park, Indians, Ireland, Irish, Italy, Kensington, King of England, LCT, London, LST, Lt Col Jimmy Gault, Luxor, Marrakech, Mayfair, Montgomery, New Zealanders, Newbury, Norfolk House, North-Africa, Norwegians, Overlord, Palestine, Paris, Park West, Piccadilly Circus, Poles, President Roosevelt, Prestwick, Richmond Park, Russian, Ruth Briggs, Salisbury, Sandhurst, Scots, Scots Guards, Sicily, Sir Louis Gregg, Snuffy Nixon, South Americans, Telegraph Cottage, Tenby, Times Square, Tooey Spaatz, Torch, Tunisia, Tunisian Victory Lunch, Welsh, Wes Gallagher, World War I, XIX Corps, Yorkshiremen

Suddenly the plane shot upward, roaring away from the airfield. We all smashed back against our seats. Maybe the wheels won’t come down, someone said in a small voice. Snuffy Nixon, the navigator, stuck his head in the cabin and broke the silence. Don’t worry, folks. I just got mixed up in my figuring and picked the wrong country. Not France ! we cried. No, said Snuffy, it’s not France. But it’s not England, either. He grinned over at me. This is Kay’s home. We almost landed in southern Ireland !
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Oct

2009

Kay Summersby – Ike Was my Boss (10)

Posted by Vicky | Comments : 9965(0)2009-10-29+16%3A40%3A06Vicky

Category : Archive Stories, Kay Summersby

Tags: Admiral, Admiral William P. Leahy, Algiers, American Expeditionary Force, Amilcar, Archive Stories, Axel Munthe, Bari, Bay of Naples, Britain, C-54, Caacie, Cairo, Capri, Caruso, Caserta Palace, Chemical Warfare, Chief of Staff, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Clark, Dakar, Distinguished Service Cross, Egypt, Eisenhower, Ellen Ruthmann, Flying Fortress, Gen Carl Tooey Spaatz, Gen Mark W. Clark, Gen Walter Bedell (Beetle) Smith, Harry Hopkins, Italian POWs, Italy, Legion of Merit, London, Maj Gen Leroy H. Watson, Malta, Marrakech, Marshall, Mattie Pinette, Mediterranean, Mike Reilly, Mount Vesuvius, Naples, Nazi Europe, North-Africa, Overlord, Pacific Theater, Palestine, Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister, Prince Urnberto, Red Cross, Rome, Sarah Oliver, Sicily, Signal Corps, Sir Alan Brooke, Sir Winston Churchill, Smith, Spaatz, Sue Sarafin, Telek, Tunis, Washington, Watson, White House

Returning from Cairo to Algiers, I began digging away at the minor mountain of paper accumulated on my desk. Memories of Egypt and Palestine faded completely as I worked late each night to reduce those piles of the General’s fan mail. Like everyone else at headquarters, however, I was still busier on unofficial duties… working overtime on the old rumor that Gen Marshall, not Gen Ike, would head the new American Expeditionary Force building in Britain, and that Ike would go to Washington to become Chief of Staff.
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Aug

2009

WW-2 Conferences, Yalta February 1945

Posted by Snafu | Comments : 8370(0)WW-2+Conferences%2C+Yalta+February+19452009-08-04+21%3A18%3A10Snafu

Category : War Conferences

Tags: Anti-Fascist Assembly, Associated Nations, AVNOJ, Burlgaria, Chinese-Eastern Railroad, Conference, Constituent Assembly, Control Commission in Bulgaria, Crimean Conference Feb-11, Curzon Line, Dairen, Dr. Ivan Subasitch, Dumbarton Oaks, February 1945, French Provisional Government, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Generalissimo Stalin, Government National Unity, Government of China, Greek, Japan Attack 1904, Kurile Islands, M. Molotov, Marshal Tito, Mongolian People's Republic, Montreaux Convention, Mr. Anthony Eden, Mr. Fedor T. Gusev, Mr. Harriman, Mr. John Winant, Mr. Stettinius, National Liberation, Outer Mongolia, Polish Provisional Government, Port Arthur, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, Provisional Government of National Unity, Rumania, Sakhalin, San Francisco, Sir A. Clark Kerr, South Manchurian Railroad, Soviet Socialist Republics, Turkish Government, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United State of America, United States Government, White Russia, Yalta, Yugoslav, Yugoslav Skupstina

YALTA (CRIMEA) CONFERENCE
February, 1945

Washington, March 24 – The text of the agreements reached at the Crimea (Yalta) Conference between President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Generalissimo Stalin, as released by the State Department today, follows :

PROTOCOL OF PROCEEDINGS OF CRIMEA CONFERENCE

The Crimea Conference of the heads of the Governments of the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which took place from Feb. 4 to 11, came to the following conclusions :

I. WORLD ORGANIZATION

It was decided :

1. That a United Nations conference on the proposed world organization should be summoned for Wednesday, 25 April, 1945, and should be held in the United States of America.

2. The nations to be invited to this conference should be :

- (a) the United Nations as they existed on 8 Feb., 1945;
- (b) Such of the Associated Nations as have declared war on the common enemy by 1 March, 1945. (For this purpose, by the term “Associated Nations” was meant the eight Associated Nations and Turkey.) When the conference on world organization is held, the delegates of the United Kingdom and United State of America will support a proposal to admit to original membership two Soviet Socialist Republics, i.e., the Ukraine and White Russia
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Aug

2009

WW-2 Conferences, Moscow Oct 1943

Posted by Snafu | Comments : 8354(0)WW-2+Conferences%2C+Moscow+Oct+19432009-08-03+22%3A53%3A24Snafu

Category : War Conferences

Tags: Annexation, Austria, Axis Powers, Belgium, China, conferences, Crete, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Fascism, Fascist Regime, Foreign Secretaries, France, French Territories, Great-Britain, Greece, Hitlerite Aggression, Italian Government, Italy, January 1942, Joint Four Nation Declaration, Luxembourg, March 15 1938, Moscow, Nazi Brutalities, Netherlands, Norway, Premier Stalin., President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, Soviet Union, United Nations, USA, World War Two, Yugoslavia

JOINT FOUR-NATION DECLARATION

The governments of the United States of America, United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and China;

- United in their determination, in accordance with the declaration by the United Nations of January, 1942, and subsequent declarations, to continue hostilities against those Axis powers with which they respectively are at war until such powers have laid down their arms on the basis of unconditional surrender;
- Conscious of their responsibility to secure the liberation of themselves and the peoples allied with them from the menace of aggression;
- Recognizing the necessity of insuring a rapid and orderly transition from war to peace and of establishing and maintaining international peace and security with the least diversion of the world’s human and economic resources for armaments;
Jointly declare :

1. That their united action, pledged for the prosecution of the war against their respective enemies, will be continued for the organization and maintenance of peace and security.
2. That those of them at war with a common enemy will act together in all matters relating to the surrender and disarmament of that enemy.
3. That they will take all measures deemed by them to be necessary to provide against any violation of the terms imposed upon the enemy.
4. That they recognize the necessity of establishing at the earliest practicable date a general international organization, based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all peace-loving states, and open to membership by all such states, large and small, for the maintenance of international peace and security.
5. That for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security pending the re-establishment of law and order and the inauguration of a system of general security they will consult with one another and as occasion requires with other members of the United Nations, with a view to joint action on behalf of the community of nations.
6. That after the termination of hostilities they will not employ their military forces within the territories of other states except for the purposes envisaged in this declaration and after joint consultation.
7. That they will confer and cooperate with one another and with other members of the United Nations to bring about a practicable general agreement with respect to the regulation of armaments in the post-war period.

May

2009

OSS – Nazi Capitulation in North Italy

Posted by Snafu | Comments : 4804(0)OSS+-+Nazi+Capitulation+in+North+Italy2009-05-23+01%3A20%3A11Snafu

Category : Italy, Northern Part

Tags: Admiral Doenitz, AFHQ, Alexander Constantin von Neurath, Annemasse, Army Group G, Austrian Alps, Baron Luigi Parrilli, Bavarian Alps, Bevollmaechtigter, Bolzano, Brenner Pass, British, British General Terence Airey, Carl Burckhardt, Caserta, Catholic Church, Chief of Security Police, Chief of Security Service, CLNAI, Czechs, Don Cossacks, East Prussia, Eastern Front, Edda Ciano, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Fasano, Feldkirch, Ferruccio Parri, Field Marshal Albert Kesselring, Field Marshal Alexander, Field Marshal Gert von Rundstedt, Foreign Minister Protector Bohemia Moravia, Fusto Pancini, Gauleiter Hofer, Gen Lyman L. Lemnitzer, General der Waffen SS Karl Wolff, Generalleutnant der Polizei Wilhelm Harster, Generalleutnant Roettiger, Generalleutnant Siegfried Westphal, Generaloberst Alfred Jodl, Generaloberst Heinrich von Vietinghoff, Genoa, German Ambassador, German Armies Italy, German Army Group C Italy, German Consul, German Embassy, Gero von Gaevernitz, Guido Zimmer, Hungary, Italians, Jews, Kuban Cossacks, Kurland, Ligurian Corps, Locarno, Lt Col Victor von Schweinitz, Lugano, Lyon, Major Usmiani, Marshal Johannes Blaskowitz, Miss Grace Tully, Mussolini Regime, North Italian Patriots Unified Command, North Italy, North-Africa, Obergruppenfuehrer Karl Wolff, OSS, OSS Agent Milan, OSS Reports, Papal Nuncio, Partisans, Po River, President Roosevelt, Reichswehr, Rudolph Rahn, SACMED, Serbs, SHAEF, Slovenes, Sogno Franci, Standartenfuhrer Dollman, Sturmbandfuehrer Wenner, Stuttgart, Supreme Allied Mediterranean Command, Switzerland, Turkomans, Tyrol, Verona, Vorarlberg, Western Allies, Western Austria, White House, William J. Donovan

kriegsgefangene Memoranda for the President : Sunrise
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Intelligence cables covering the capitulation of the Nazi armies in northern Italy.
Among the William J. Donovan papers are five volumes entitled OSS Reports to the White House containing carbons of memorandum predominantly transmitting or paraphrasing intelligence reports for the President’s personal attention. They are characteristically introduced by a note to the President’s secretary, Miss Grace Tully :
“Dear Grace : Will you please hand the attached memorandum to the President ? I believe it will be of interest to him”.
They begin in modest quantity, the first volume covering a full two years and including some administrative matters such as requests for draft deferment; but those for the nine months beginning with July 1944 occupy three volumes, almost exclusively intelligence.
After President Roosevelt’s death and the end of the war in Europe they taper off in the fifth volume-bound, curiously, in reverse chronology-and again include non substantive material, particularly concerning the formation of a peacetime central intelligence agency.
The reports are for the most part not the finished intelligence that the President might now be expected to examine personally. They do include summaries of some Research and Analysis Branch estimates-of the age distribution of German casualties, for example, or the Soviet Union’s population in 1970 – but the bulk of them are unedited reporting from individual case officers on subjects of particular importance or of particular interest to President Roosevelt. For the historian this minute but choice fraction of the total of OSS raw reporting constitutes a pre-selected documentary source of considerable value.
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May

2009

Wild Bill Donovan (OSS-NKVD)

Posted by Snafu | Comments : 4786(0)Wild+Bill+Donovan+%28OSS-NKVD%292009-05-22+21%3A29%3A42Snafu

Category : OSS & SOE

Tags: Abwehr Staff, Admiral William D. Leahy, Allied Control Commission, American Government, American Joint Chiefs of Staff, American Military Mission, Amtorg, Attorney General Biddle, Averell Harriman, Azerbaidzhan, Balkans, Brig Gen Hill, British, British SOE, Bulgaria, Cairo, China, Col Haskell, Col Ossipov, Commissariat for Internal Affairs, Danube River, Diplomatic Intelligence, Economic Intelligence, Erich Vermehren, France, German Embassy, German Intelligence, German Intelligence Hqs Turkey, German Teutonia Club, Germany, Iran, Istanbul, Japan, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Karl Alois Kleczkowski, Kleczkowskis, Lt Gen Fitin, Lt Gen P. M. Fitin, Maj Gen Aleksandr P. Osipov, Maj Gen J. R. Deane, Maj Gen Walter E. Prosser, Marshal Tito, Middle East, Military Intelligence, Moscow, Mr Molotov, MVD, National Intelligence Survey, Naval Intelligence, Nazi Party Turkey, Neubacher, NKVD, NKVD London, Norwegian North Cape, NXVD, Office of Strategic Services, OGPU, OSS, OSS-Soviet, President Roosevelt, Ribbentrop, Rumania, Russia, Russian Embassy, Russians, Sava River, SD (Security Service), Section 12, South Eastern Europe, Soviet External Intelligence Service, Soviet Foreign Office, Soviet Government, Soviet Union, State Department, Subversive Activities in Enemy Countries, Sydney Weinberg, Teheran, Top-Secret, Turkey, Ukrainians, US JANIS, US Military Mission, Von Papen, Western Germany, Willi Hamburger, William J. Donovan

William J. Donovan’s voluminous memoranda to President Roosevelt (1) include half a dozen concerning collaboration between the US and Soviet intelligence services, and these are supplemented by a few addressed to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and one recording a conversation in the NKVD offices in Moscow.
Originally proposed as an exchange of representatives to each other’s headquarters, this liaison was reduced by political considerations to communication between heads of services through Gen J. R. Deane, chief of the US Military Mission in Moscow.
The documents are reproduced below.
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Apr

2009

Kay Summersby – Ike Was my Boss (3)

Posted by Snafu | Comments : 2125(0)Kay+Summersby+-+Ike+Was+my+Boss+%283%292009-04-04+07%3A34%3A38Snafu

Category : Archive Stories, Kay Summersby

Tags: 3rd Infantry Division's Hqs, Admiral Cunningham, Air Chief Marshal Tedder, Algiers, Ambassador Winant, Bournemouth, Brig Eric Mockler-Ferryman, Clyde, Col Julius Holmes, Dorchester, Eisenhower, Elspeth Duncan, Freeman Mathews, French Morocco, Gen Truscott, General Eisenhower, Greenock, Grosvenor Square, Harriman, Hendon, Huston Station, II Corps HQs, Inveteracy, Kensington Close, Kentallen, King of England, Lt Craig Campbell, Maison Blanche, Mateur, Mr. William H. B. Mack, Mussolini, Norfolk House, North Africa 40-45, North-Africa, Oran, Pantelleria, President Roosevelt, Road to Morocco, Robert Murphy, Scotland, Sicily, Telegraph Cottage, Torch Operation, Wardour Street

Inevitably, I had heard of the impending North African invasion. Talk in the back seat of my staff car was more Top Secret than anything on paper. In general, I knew about as much about Torch Operation as most senior commanders in the early autumn of 1942. One month before the birthday party I had taken Gen Eisenhower out to Telegraph Cottage in a hurry. For once he seemed preoccupied. He obviously didn’t want to talk; I had long made it a habit not to ask questions, ever. As we sped through Kensington he mumbled something about ‘big doings for a colonel’. The rest of the ride was in heavy silence. But Generals, three-star Generals don’t usually get excited over colonels. I knew something big was up. I don’t know how long we’ll be here, the General said as he got out at the cottage.
Mickey will look after you.
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Mar

2009

Kay Summersby – Ike Was my Boss (2)

Posted by Snafu | Comments : 1590(2)Kay+Summersby+-+Ike+Was+my+Boss+%282%292009-03-06+15%3A25%3A26Snafu

Category : Archive Stories, Kay Summersby

Tags: Addison Road Station, Admiral Cunningham, Admiral Darlan, AFHQ, African Desert, Afrika Korps, Algiers, Ambassador Winant, Arabs children, Arabs Man, Arabs Woman, Archbishop Spellman, Bizerte, Boisson, Bournemouth, Brigadier Eric Mockler-Ferryman, Buckingham Palace, Canine Auxiliary Air Corps, Casablanca, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Clinique Glydne, Colonel Julius Holmes, Constantine, Dakar, De Gaulle, Dorchester, Elspeth Duncan, Ethel Westermann, Free French in London, French Army, French Morocco, Gen Arthur Wilson, General Anderson, General de Gaulle, General Giraud, General Sir Alan Brooke, General Truscott, Gibraltar, Giraud, Grosvenor Square, Hendon, His Majesty, Hitchcock, Hopkins, Huston Station, Inveraray, Jean Dixon, Kasserine Pass, Kensington, Kentallen, Lt Col Arnold, Lt Col McGowan, Lt Craig Campbell, Margaret (Peg) Bourke-White, Mateur, Messrs. Murphy and Mac- millan, Mountbatten, Mr. Freeman Mathews, Mr. Harriman, Mr. Robert Murphy, Mr. William H. B. Mack, Nogues, North African Invasion, Norway, Off Limits, Opearation Torch, Oppenheim, Oran, Peyrouton, Portugal, Pound, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister of the British Empire, Red Ball Express, Scotland, Sergeant Clay Williams, Sidi Athman, Sidi Bou Zid, Sir Alexander Cadogan, Sir Alan Brooke, Sir F. N. Mason-Macfarlane, Spain, St George Hotel, Straikallen, Tangier, Tebessa, Tedder, Telegraph Cottage, Telek, Vichy Administration, Wardour Street

Within a fortnight I was driving a new general, Carl (Tooey) Spaatz. The now-famous and retired Tooey Spaatz was, in early 1942, a grimly silent major general. As chief of the new Eighth Air Force, he had a gigantic job. And he spent every waking moment pondering over problems involved in the daring principle of daylight bombing. A rather unspectacular, balding man who would hardly stand out in a crowd, he called to mind that pensive statue : The Thinker. He concentrated so intensively that I often thought he was asleep. Naturally, he had no time for the ordinary little details of everyday life. He was, in fact, coldly impatient with them. That’s how I came to drive for General Spaatz. His temper had finally boiled over because his sergeant was late again in arriving at a conference. The Yank chauffeur was naturally bewildered like many other Americans by the maze of tangled little streets which history had forced upon London. When the General heard of my MTC experience, he requested that I be loaned out to his headquarters immediately.
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US Strategic Bombing Surveys Pacific (5)

Kay Summersby – Ike Was my Boss (12)

Kay Summersby – Ike Was my Boss (11)

Kay Summersby – Ike Was my Boss (10)

WW-2 Conferences, Yalta February 1945

WW-2 Conferences, Moscow Oct 1943

OSS – Nazi Capitulation in North Italy

Wild Bill Donovan (OSS-NKVD)

Kay Summersby – Ike Was my Boss (3)

Kay Summersby – Ike Was my Boss (2)

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